Mphamvu ya Gulugufe Imatsogolera Kukwera Mtengo pa Kutumiza Kwapanyanja ndi Mtengo Wapadziko Lonse.

Malinga ndi lipoti lochokera ku United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), kukwera kwa mitengo ya katundu wapadziko lonse lapansi kungakweze mitengo ya ogula padziko lonse lapansi ndi 1.5% chaka chamawa komanso mitengo yakunja ndi 10%.
Mitengo ya ogula ku China ikhoza kukwera ndi 1.4 peresenti chifukwa cha izi, ndipo kupanga mafakitale kukhoza kutsika ndi 0.2 peresenti.
Mlembi wamkulu wa bungwe la UNCTAD, Rebeca Grynspan, anati: “Ntchito za zombo zapanyanja zisanabwerere mwakale, kukwera kwa mitengo yonyamula katundu kudzakhudza kwambiri malonda komanso kufooketsa kusintha kwachuma makamaka m’mayiko amene akutukuka kumene.”Mitengo yamtengo wapatali padziko lonse lapansi yakwera pafupifupi 11%, ndipo mitengo yakwera ndi 1.5%.

 

Pambuyo pa mliri wa COVID-19, chuma chapadziko lonse lapansi chatsika pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kufunikira kwa zotumiza kwakula, koma kutumiza sikunathe kubwereranso pamlingo womwe usanachitike mliri.Kusemphanaku kwapangitsa kuti mitengo yapanyanja yam'madzi ikwere kwambiri chaka chino.
Mwachitsanzo, mu June 2020, mtengo wa Container Freight Index (SCFI) panjira ya Shanghai-Europe unali wochepera US$1,000/TEU.Pofika kumapeto kwa 2020, idalumphira pafupifupi US $ 4,000/TEU, ndipo idakwera mpaka US $ 7,395 kumapeto kwa Julayi 2021. .
Kuphatikiza apo, otumiza amakumananso ndi kuchedwa kwa kutumiza, zolipiritsa ndi zina.
Lipoti la UN linanena kuti: "Kusanthula kwa UNCTAD kukuwonetsa kuti kuyambira pano mpaka 2023, ngati mitengo yonyamula katundu ipitilira kukwera, mitengo yamtengo wapatali padziko lonse lapansi idzakwera ndi 10.6%, ndipo mtengo wa ogula udzakwera ndi 1.5%.
Zotsatira zakukwera kwamitengo yotumizira m'maiko osiyanasiyana ndizosiyana.Nthawi zambiri, dziko likakhala laling'ono komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimachokera kunja kwachuma, m'pamenenso maiko omwe akukhudzidwa kwambiri amakhala mwachibadwa.
Mayiko a Small Island Developing States (SIDS) ndiwo adzakhudzidwa kwambiri, ndipo kukwera mtengo kwa zotumiza kudzakweza mitengo ya ogula ndi 7.5 peresenti.Mitengo ya ogula m'maiko osatukuka opanda malire (LLDC) ikhoza kukwera ndi 0.6%.M'mayiko otukuka kwambiri (LDC), mitengo ya ogula ikhoza kukwera ndi 2.2%.

 

 

Supply chain crisis

 

Chiyamiko chosiyidwa kwambiri m'mbiri, masitolo akuluakulu amaletsa kugula zinthu zofunika tsiku ndi tsiku: nthawiyo ili pafupi ndi maholide akuluakulu awiri a Thanksgiving ndi Khrisimasi ku United States.Komabe, mashelufu ambiri ku United States sakhala odzaza.Kupesa.
Kutsekeka kwa njira zapadziko lonse lapansi kukupitilizabe kukhudza madoko aku US, misewu yayikulu komanso mayendedwe anjanji.White House idanenanso mosapita m'mbali kuti munyengo yogula tchuthi cha 2021, ogula akumana ndi kusowa kwakukulu.Makampani ena posachedwapa atulutsa zongopeka zokayikitsa, ndipo chikokacho chikukulirakulirabe.
Kusokonekera kwa madoko ku West Coast ndi koopsa, ndipo zimatengera mwezi umodzi kuti zombo zonyamula katundu zitsitse: Sitima zonyamula katundu zomwe zili m’mphepete mwa nyanja kumadzulo kwa North America zingatenge mwezi umodzi kuti ziyime ndi kutsitsa.Zogulitsa zosiyanasiyana zogula monga zoseweretsa, zovala, zida zamagetsi ndi zina zatha.
M’malo mwake, kusokonekera kwa madoko ku United States kwakhala kowopsa kwambiri kwa kupitirira chaka chimodzi, koma kwaipiraipira kuyambira July.Kusowa kwa ogwira ntchito kwachedwetsa kutsitsa katundu pamadoko komanso liwiro lamayendedwe amalori, ndipo liwiro la kubweretsanso katundu likucheperachepera.
Makampani ogulitsa ku US amayitanitsa msanga, koma katunduyo sangatumizidwebe: Pofuna kupewa kuchepa kwakukulu, makampani ogulitsa aku US ayesetsa kuchita zonse zomwe angathe.Makampani ambiri amayitanitsa mwachangu ndikumanga zinthu.
Malinga ndi deta yochokera ku nsanja yoperekera ya UPS Ware2Go, kuyambira mu August, pafupifupi 63.2% ya amalonda adalamula mwamsanga nyengo yogula tchuthi kumapeto kwa 2021. Pafupifupi 44,4% ya amalonda anali ndi machitidwe apamwamba kuposa zaka zapitazo, ndipo 43.3% anali kuposa kale.Konzani msanga, koma 19% ya amalonda akuda nkhawa kuti katunduyo sadzaperekedwa pa nthawi yake.

Palinso makampani omwe amabwereka zombo okha, amapeza zonyamulira ndege, ndikuyesera momwe angathere kuti afulumizitse mayendedwe:

• Wal-Mart, Costco, ndi Target onse akulemba ntchito zombo zawo kuti atumize masauzande a makontena kuchokera ku Asia kupita ku North America.
• Mkulu wa Zachuma ku Costco, Richard Galanti, adanenanso kuti zombo zitatu pakali pano zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo chilichonse chikuyembekezeka kunyamula makontena 800 mpaka 1,000.

 

Chuma chapadziko lonse lapansi chatsala pang'ono kuchira kuchokera ku chipwirikiti chomwe chabwera chifukwa cha mliriwu, koma chikuyang'anizana ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu, zida, zinthu, ntchito, ndi zoyendera.
Mavuto azachuma padziko lonse lapansi akuwoneka kuti alibe zizindikiro zothetsa.Kuphatikizidwa ndi kukwera kwamitengo yopangira zinthu, ogula mwachiwonekere adzamva kukwera kwamitengo.